| Dependent variables | Export volume | Air cargo export volume departing from Incheon International Airport to partner countries (Unit: ton) | Incheon International Airport Corporation |
| Import volume | Air cargo import volume arriving at Incheon International Airport from partner countries (Unit: ton) | Incheon International Airport Corporation |
| Independent variables | Korea GDP | Korea's GDP, indicating trade competitiveness (Unit: $) | World bank |
| Partner country GDP | Partner country’s trade competitiveness (Unit: $) | World bank |
| Korea GDP per capita | Korea's GDP per capita, reflecting high-value-added product consumption patterns | World bank |
| Partner country GDP per capita | Partner country’s GDP per capita, reflecting high-value-added product consumption patterns (Unit: $) | World bank |
| Korea exchange rate | Korea's exchange rate, reflecting currency value (Unit: $) | World bank |
| Partner country exchange rate | Partner country’s exchange rate, reflecting currency value (Unit: $) | World bank |
| International oil prices | Variable influencing overall transportation costs, including air freight (Unit: $) | Korea National Oil Corporation |
| Distance | Gravity model variable; flight distance from Korea to the capital city of partner countries (Unit: km) | CIA |
| Population | Gravity model variable; annual population of partner countries, indicating relationship with air trade volume (Unit: person) | World bank |
| Country area | Development of air transportation relative to land area (Unit: sq km) | CIA |
| Number of airports | Number of airports in partner countries (Unit: airports) | CIA |